{"id":236431,"date":"2019-06-01T15:53:10","date_gmt":"2019-06-01T21:53:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/traumahealing.org\/?p=236431"},"modified":"2026-04-13T09:23:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T15:23:28","slug":"understanding-key-brain-systems-in-hypo-and-hyperarousal-in-ptsd-implications-for-post-covid-syndrome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/traumahealing.org\/understanding-key-brain-systems-in-hypo-and-hyperarousal-in-ptsd-implications-for-post-covid-syndrome\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Key Brain Systems in Hypo and Hyperarousal in PTSD \u2013 Implications for Post-COVID Syndrome"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"color: #6c1d45;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/traumahealing.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brainstem-300x300.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" alt=\"graphic of brainstem\" class=\"wp-image-236458 alignleft size-medium\" srcset=\"https:\/\/traumahealing.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brainstem.png 300w, https:\/\/traumahealing.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brainstem-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/traumahealing.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/brainstem-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Braeden-Terpou\/publication\/334110507_The_effects_of_trauma_on_brain_and_body_A_unifying_role_for_the_midbrain_periaqueductal_gray\/links\/5d838245458515cbd19870ce\/The-effects-of-trauma-on-brain-and-body-A-unifying-role-for-the-midbrain-periaqueductal-gray.pdf\">Understanding Key Brain Systems in Hypo and Hyperarousal in PTSD \u2013 Implications for Post-COVID Syndrome <\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #6c1d45;\"><em>SE theory indicates that both fight\/flight and freeze-based neurological systems are core to trauma processes and symptoms. The dissociative symptoms with their role in raspatory depression, muscle weakness, and cognitive fog have strong implications for understanding both Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS) and Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #6c1d45;\"><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Both wide-ranging health challenges have symptom profiles that are similar to both hyperactivation (fight\/flight) and hypoactivation (freeze).<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41398-019-0565-8\">periaqueductal grey<\/a> is a brain region that may play a central role in these clear symptom profiles of hypoactivation and hyperactivation. There are likely physical health impacts from neurobiological challenges from PCS or PICS, such as a diffuse axonal injury due to sepsis (global system toxicity due to blood-based infection) or anoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain) and physical systemic atrophy in muscles and organs.<\/p>\n<p>However, these symptoms could be exacerbated by trauma-based fight\/flight or freeze-based symptoms. Addressing these processes in a multidisciplinary team with a focus on reestablishing regulation of the autonomic nervous system and mitigating freeze states, along with medical management of health and occupational\/physical therapy, could significantly improve clinical outcomes.<\/p>\n<p>The current treatments for PTSD often do not directly address freeze-based systems. Understanding the neurobiological substrates of freeze (hypoactivation) and fight\/flight (hyperactivation) could guide the development of interventions that are person-centered as well as more effective.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #6c1d45;\"><strong>Read More:<\/strong><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Braeden-Terpou\/publication\/334110507_The_effects_of_trauma_on_brain_and_body_A_unifying_role_for_the_midbrain_periaqueductal_gray\/links\/5d838245458515cbd19870ce\/The-effects-of-trauma-on-brain-and-body-A-unifying-role-for-the-midbrain-periaqueductal-gray.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Braeden-Terpou\/publication\/334110507_The_effects_of_trauma_on_brain_and_body_A_unifying_role_for_the_midbrain_periaqueductal_gray\/links\/5d838245458515cbd19870ce\/The-effects-of-trauma-on-brain-and-body-A-unifying-role-for-the-midbrain-periaqueductal-gray.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Terpou, B. A., Harricharan, S., McKinnon, M. C., Frewen, P., Jetly, R., & Lanius, R. A. (2019). The effects of trauma on brain and body: A unifying role for the midbrain periaqueductal gray.\u00a0Journal of neuroscience research,\u00a097(9), 1110-1140.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Implications of hypo and hyperarousal in PTSD for Post-COVID syndrome&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3800,"featured_media":236442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[543],"tags":[],"formats":[],"class_list":["post-236431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research"],"acf":[],"dsm_author":{"name":"SEI 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